What this coversMath equations on iOS
In many apps and websites, math is displayed using MathML (a way to write math so computers can understand it). Without MathML, math can become confusing for screen readers.
This page introduces: MathML, how VoiceOver announces “math,” how to explore equations using the Rotor, and how to add/edit equations in the Numbers app.
Optional follow-ups: 13B Cooking Ratios • 13C Debug the Math
ConceptWhat is MathML?
MathML is markup (like HTML) used to display and format math equations. In supported apps and on supported websites, VoiceOver can read MathML in a way that makes sense.
Math without structure (hard to interpret)
c = a2 + b2
This might be read like “a two” instead of “a squared,” depending on context.
Math with structure (MathML idea)
<math>
<mi>c</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<msup><mi>a</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
<mo>+</mo>
<msup><mi>b</mi><mn>2</mn></msup>
</math>
You don’t need to memorize tags—just know structure helps VoiceOver.
How-toExplore a MathML equation with VoiceOver
- Navigate to the equation.
- Double-tap with one finger to interact with the equation.
- Use the Rotor to choose an exploration level: Symbols, Small Expressions, Medium Expressions, or Large Expressions.
- Swipe up/down to move through elements at that level.
- Double-tap a selected element to “zoom in” further.
This page can’t control your real Rotor, but we can practice the same idea with an “Explorer” below.
PracticeExplore sample equations
Pick an equation, then pick an exploration level. Use “Previous/Next” to move through parts. Listen to the aria-live announcements, like VoiceOver feedback.
Tip: After you zoom in, “parts” get more detailed—like focusing inside a sub-expression.
Show the “plain text” version (fallback)
Try with a braille display (Nemeth)
Equations spoken by VoiceOver can often be accessed on a refreshable braille display using Nemeth Code, depending on your setup and app.
Badge earned: MathML Explorer
Numbers AppAdd equations with LaTeX or MathML
You can add math expressions and equations as floating objects on a spreadsheet in Numbers.
Add an equation (inline or floating)
- Inline: Place the insertion point in a text box or shape, or select text to replace.
- Floating: Tap outside the sheet so nothing is selected.
- Tap Insert → Media → Equation.
- Enter the equation using LaTeX commands or MathML elements.
- Tap Insert, then drag the equation to reposition it.
Edit, move, copy, or delete an equation
- Edit: Double-tap the equation, edit, then tap Update.
- Move: Tap the equation and drag it.
- Style: Tap the equation → Format → Style or Arrange.
- Copy: Tap the equation → Copy → paste where needed.
- Delete: Tap the equation → Delete.
- Move floating to inline: Cut/paste into a text box or shape.